Maximum growth potential in loblolly pine: results from a 47-year-old spacing study in Hawaii

نویسندگان

  • Lisa J. Samuelson
  • Thomas L. Eberhardt
  • John R. Butnor
  • Tom A. Stokes
  • Kurt H. Johnsen
چکیده

Growth, allocation to woody root biomass, wood properties, leaf physiology, and shoot morphology were examined in a 47-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) density trial located in Maui, Hawaii, to determine if stands continued to carry the high density, basal area, and volume reported at younger ages and to identify potential factors controlling expression of maximum growth potential. Basal area and volume were similar among spacings (square: 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.7 m) and averaged 93 m2 ha–1 and 1076 m3 ha–1, respectively, and were double the maxima reported for loblolly pine in its native range. Spacing had a significant influence on density, quadratic mean diameter, and height. Ring-specific gravity and percent latewood were similar among spacing treatments but values were high compared to mainland stands. Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis, dark respiration, stomatal conductance, and quantum yield were comparable with values reported for loblolly pine in its native range. Foliar calcium concentrations, specific leaf area, and flush number were high in the Hawaii study. Higher carrying capacity in Hawaii may be related to a more favorable climate conducive to yearround leaf carbon gain, high nutrient availability, increased flushing, and less allocation to belowground mass. Résumé : Nous avons étudié la croissance, l’allocation des ressources à la biomasse racinaire ligneuse, les propriétés du bois, la physiologie foliaire et la morphologie des pousses dans un peuplement de pin à encens (Pinus taeda L.) âgé de 47 ans situé à Maui, à Hawaii, et qui faisait partie d’une expérience de densité variable. Le but de l’étude était de déterminer si les peuplements continuaient de soutenir les valeurs élevées de densité, de surface terrière et de volume observées en jeune âge et d’identifier les facteurs qui pourraient être associés à l’expression de la croissance potentielle maximale. La surface terrière et le volume n’ont pas varié selon l’espacement (espacements carrés de 1,8, 2,4, 3,0 et 3,7 m) et ont respectivement atteint 93 m2 ha–1 et 1076 m3 ha–1, en moyenne, ce qui correspond au double des valeurs maximales observées dans l’habitat naturel du pin à encens. L’espacement a eu un effet significatif sur la densité, le diamètre moyen quadratique et la hauteur des arbres. La densité du bois et le pourcentage de bois final étaient semblables parmi les traitements d’espacement, mais leurs valeurs étaient élevées comparativement aux peuplements continentaux. La photosynthèse foliaire nette sous une lumière saturante, la respiration à l’obscurité, la conductance stomatique et le rendement quantique avaient des valeurs semblables à celles qui ont été rapportées pour le pin à encens dans son habitat naturel. La concentration foliaire en calcium, la surface foliaire spécifique et le nombre de pousses étaient élevés dans l’étude hawaiienne. La plus forte capacité de support du milieu à Hawaii peut être reliée à un climat plus favorable qui est propice à un gain foliaire en carbone à longueur d’année, à une disponibilité élevée en nutriments, à une augmentation du nombre de pousses et à une plus faible allocation des ressources à la biomasse souterraine. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2010